BC 37 : Romans invade the Hasmonean kingdom of Isreal (with Jerusalem as capital), which was under the Jews then. They install King Herod, a Jew himself who conspired the whole invasion. King Herod rebuilds the Solomon temple with 9 years of hardship. After Herod, Jerusalem is directly under the Romans with their Governors ruling it. But they were always submissive to the Jewish religious leaders as they did not prefer any riots. AD 70 : By now, Jesus was born and executed for the reasons that he contradicted the previous holy men. Caligula, the comedian of the roman kings, orders the Jews to only worship him. Here is something about Jews. They staunchly believe that they are god’s preferred race. They were educated, orderly and throughout history have never submitted to any oppressor. So here begins the Jewish revolt that led to a bloody roman assault. Romans believed that they have to erase the Jew identity so that they can avoid any uprising and hence they totally destroy the temple